UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN™
(Escherichia Coli Bacterin J-5 Strain)
Twice the Protection Against Coliform Mastitis
E. coli bacteria are everywhere! And the coliform mastitis they cause is one of the fastest-growing
problems for dairymen.
 E. coli bacteria are found throughout the cow's
environment. Even with good hygiene and solid herd management, it is impossible
to avoid exposure to E. coli.
It is estimated that up to 40 percent of all clinical mastitis is caused by environmental
bacteria like E. coli. In a 1999 study conducted by the Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic
Laboratory, coliforms were identified in 100 percent of 100 consecutive bulk tank
cultures.
Coliform Mastitis Often Strikes the Best Milkers
The cow typically affected by coliform mastitis:
- is a high producer
- has recently freshened or is early in lactation
- has a somatic cell count (SCC) below 200,000
Infections start with bacteria settling on the exterior teat skin, then migrating
into the mammary gland. As the disease progresses, pathogens release endotoxins
that cause the cow to exhibit the following signs:
- fever of 104° F or higher
- lack of appetite
- excessive udder edema and/or leaking milk
- diarrhea
- dehydration
- dramatic drop in milk production (10 percent is not uncommon)
- death (more common than with other forms of mastitis)
UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN Escherichia Coli Bacterin J-5 Strain provides the dairy industry
with reliable, proven protection against coliform mastitis.
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UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN Gets to the Core of Coliform
Mastitis
UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN is made up of special E. coli 0111:B4(J-5) mutant bacterial strain. Here's how it works:
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J-5 E. coli: Common core vaccine |
- The bacterial strain possesses exposed core antigens, which are identical
among many gram-negative bacteria, including Klebsiella, Salmonella, E. coli,
Pasteurella, and Serratia.
-
In UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN the core antigens are exposed, prompting the cow to produce
antibodies that will attack subsequent challenge infections early.
- This reduction in bacterial load subsequently reduces the level of endotoxins
released in the cow's system.
This is why cows vaccinated with UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN will experience fewer and
milder cases of coliform mastitis.
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UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN Is Good Science
Millions of doses of UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN have been administered to dairy cattle over
the past 10 years, with an outstanding record of safety and efficacy.
Its claims and performance are backed by the strongest investigative data package
of any mastitis vaccine in the world. Results of challenge efficacy studies
and field trials consistently show a reduction of coliform mastitis incidence
of 60 to 80 percent - twice the protection of other E. coli vaccination products and programs.*
Demand trial results.
When you evaluate coliform mastitis vaccination programs, remember that you
are vaccinating to protect your cows and their milk production. For UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN
trial results, see The Proof Is in the Trials.
Be skeptical of claims that are based on titers instead of trials - even sick
cows can express high titers.
Tests that measure serum titer levels aren't necessarily
measuring level of immunity. Nor do they measure the protection the product will
deliver in a real-world challenge. For more information about trials vs. titers,
see Immunology Update #1.
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UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN Is a Great
Investment
Several major studies have been conducted to examine the cost vs. the benefit
of using UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN.
The first used a decision tree analysis and concluded that producers would
realize an average benefit of $32 per cow by vaccinating with UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN.(1)
The second cost/benefit study employed a partial budget analysis to determine
that:
- each case of clinical coliform mastitis costs an average of $378.13
- dairy managers could expect an additional $57 profit per cow per lactation
by using UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN in a whole-herd vaccination program.(2)
Further study has determined that UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN is profitable even when less than
one
percent of cows in a herd contracted coliform mastitis, and that whole-herd
vaccination is profitable even at very low milk production levels. Naturally,
profit and return on investment increase as milk production increases, and
since UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN requires no milk withholding, no milk profit is lost by the
producer.(3)
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Optimal Response for Optimal Results
An UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN vaccination program makes the most of the cow's immune system.
Its low endotoxin load allows UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN to combine unmatched efficacy with a high
level of safety.
At times of stress - such as just before calving, during early lactation and
other times - a cow's immune system is compromised and the cow is especially
at risk of infection from environmental pathogens like E. coli. A veterinarian
is trained to help producers determine vaccination timing that is best for a particular
herd.
A three-dose UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN vaccination program delivers unmatched protection and
safety because it:
- gradually ratchets up the immune system for optimum immune response
- provides even greater control over endotoxin load
For more information on the immune response stimulated by UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN, please
see Immunology Update #1.
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UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN Adjuvant Has a 1-2 Punch
UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN has a unique adjuvant that combines the fast release of a water
carrier with the sustained exposure of an oil carrier. As a result, the immune
system not only responds with initial protective titer levels, but it has the
longer bacterin exposure required for initiating cell-mediated immunity. (Please
see Immunology Update #1).
As with all two-phase products, separation occurs during storage. A vigorous
10-second shaking is necessary for resuspension.
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UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN Delivers Twice the Protection*
Research has shown that protection increases with each shot of UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN. In fact, the third shot doubles the protection provided by the first two shots.
On average:
- one shot provides 10 percent protection
- two shots provide 30 to 40 percent protection
- three shots provide 60 to 80 percent protection
The value of UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN also increases with the number of doses. Trials
involving thousands of cows prove that a three-shot UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN program is
economical when as few as one percent of quarters in a herd are infected.
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UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN - The Proof Is in the Trials
UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN is one of the most thoroughly tested dairy bacterins in the world.
Unlike competitors who rely on serum titers to infer protection, an extensive
number of articles have been published demonstrating in-field trials testing
the
performance of UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN against clinical coliform mastitis.
Table 1. In a trial involving 486 cows, the vaccinated group showed an incidence of
coliform mastitis of just 2.57 percent, compared to a 12.77 percent incidence
for the non-vaccinated control group.
(Gonzales R.N., Cullor J.S., Jaster D.E., Farver T.G., Bushnell R.B.,
Oliver M.N., "Prevention of Clinical Coliform Mastitis in Dairy Cows
by a Mutant Escherichia coli Vaccine," Canadian Journal of Veterinary
Research, 1989:53:301-305)
Table 2 summarizes a multi-location trial starting with more than 400 cows.
Vaccinated vs. control cows were evaluated over three lactations. The vaccinated
cows averaged a 65 percent reduction in clinical coliform mastitis cases over
the three years.
(Borrelli C.L. et al., Abstract 12, 11th Annual Food Animal Discovery Research Conference, UNR, 1990)
Table 3 summarizes a trial studying coliform mastitis incidence in the context
of other types of mastitis. In this study, the 66 percent reduction in the cases
of coliform mastitis translated into a 27 percent reduction in total clinical
mastitis cases.
Finally, in a trial supporting both the safety and efficacy of the UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN
vaccination program, the clinical mastitis incidence in the vaccinated group
was
72 percent less than in the control group. Furthermore, less than two percent
of
the vaccinated cows have had recurrence of coliform mastitis in the first 100
days of lactation, compared to 25 percent of the control group cows.
(Cullor J.S., "The Escherichia coli J5 vaccine: Investigating a New Tool to Combat
Coliform Mastitis," Veterinary Medicine, 1991:836-842)
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Nothing Measures Up to the Original
While UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN is the original J-5 strain mastitis bacterin, products with
similar claims are available in some parts of the world. Two such products are
ENDOVAC Bovi** and J-Vac**. While each offers some of the characteristics
of
UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN, neither compares with its total package of safety and proven
efficacy.
The safety of UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN is supported by independent trials that show other
bacterins can carry endotoxin loads up to 100 times higher than that of
UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN.
The efficacy of a three-dose UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN vaccination program is supported by a long
and
growing list of published efficacy trials, as summarized in Table 5. Compare
the
published performance: Nothing measures up to UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN.
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Dosage/Administration
To protect cows and heifers during the 100 days when coliform mastitis is most
likely to occur, UPJOHN J-5 BACTERIN should be administered in a three-injection regimen. Injections should be given at seven and eight months of gestation,
followed by the third dose within two weeks postpartum. Each dose should be
administered subcutaneously, one hand-width cranial to the shoulder.
1) Gonzales R.N., Mohammed H.O., Cullor J.S., Jaster D.E., "Efficacy and Financial Benefits
of Preventing Clinical Coliform Mastitis in Dairy Cows by a Mutant (J-5) Escherichia
coli Vaccine," Proceedings of an International Symposium on Mastitis, Indianapolis,
Indiana, 1990.
2) DeGraves FJ., Fetrow J., "Partial Budget Analysis of Vaccinating Dairy Cattle Against Coliform
Mastitis with an Escherichia coli J5 Vaccine," JAVMA, 1991:199:451-455.
3) Bovine Proceedings 26, January 1994, American Association of Bovine Practitioners.
*Based on research data published and available.
**J-Vac is a trademark of Merial Ltd. ENDOVAC Bovi is a registered trademark of IMMVAC Inc.
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